Most herbal medicine at home starts in a teapot. Knowing the difference between an infusion and a decoction helps you get the most from every herb. Here are the basics, step by step.
1. Infusions: for leaves and flowers
Soft parts of the plant, like leaves and flowers, give up their goodness easily in hot water. Peppermint, lemon balm, chamomile, and calendula are all made this way.
- Use about 1 tablespoon of dried herb (or 2 to 3 tablespoons fresh) per cup of water.
- Pour just-boiled water over the herbs.
- Cover the cup or pot so the aromatic oils don’t escape with the steam.
- Steep for 10 to 15 minutes, then strain.
2. Decoctions: for roots, bark, and seeds
Tough parts of the plant need more time and heat. Ginger, cinnamon, dandelion root, and fennel seed are simmered rather than steeped.
- Use about 1 tablespoon of dried root or bark per cup of cold water in a small saucepan.
- Bring it to a boil, then turn it down to a gentle simmer.
- Cover and simmer for 15 to 20 minutes.
- Strain, and add a little water if too much has cooked away.
3. Long infusions: for nourishing herbs
Mineral-rich herbs like nettle and oat straw are often steeped for hours to draw out more nourishment. Put about 1 ounce of dried herb in a quart jar, fill it with just-boiled water, cap it, and let it sit for 4 to 8 hours or overnight. Strain and drink it over the next day.
4. Use good water and clean tools
Filtered water makes a cleaner-tasting tea. Glass, ceramic, or stainless steel pots work best. A simple mesh strainer or a French press makes straining easy.
5. Store it well
Herbal teas are best fresh. Keep leftovers covered in the fridge and use them within a day or two. Store dried herbs in airtight jars, away from heat and light, and label each jar with the name and date.
Your exercise: one herb, two ways
Take a piece of fresh ginger. Make one cup by steeping a few slices in hot water for 10 minutes, and another by simmering the same amount for 20 minutes. Taste them side by side. The decoction will be stronger and spicier, and you’ll know exactly why roots are simmered.
Next in Medicine Making: herbal syrups and simple salves.
This post is for learning only and isn’t medical advice. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before using herbs, especially if you’re pregnant or nursing, take medication, or are managing a health condition.
